| Ray
Johnson - Educator Ray Johnson has been called (Bloch, 1995) “the most famous unknown artist in the world”. This paper will explain why this epithet is appropriate, and will elaborate on Ray’s contributions to adult education in the visual arts, from the late 20th century until the present day. Ray Johnson is important because Ray Johnson was different. In deference to the uniqueness of his life, I will begin his story with his death. Ray died on January 13, 1995. Prior to his death he had mentioned to some friends and acquaintances that he was working on his greatest work. He drowned after jumping from the bridge in Sag Harbor, New York, not far from his residence in Locust Valley. Two teenaged girls reported seeing a man matching his description backstroking away into Sag Harbor Cove, not long after Ray had checked into a local Inn. His body was pulled from the water (Bloch, 1995) at 12:35 PM on the Saturday afternoon of January 14th. Ray’s death may have been a sad event for his friends, the art world, and society. It was probably a wildly successful work of playful art for the man himself. Ray Johnson was born (Staudek, 2003) in Detroit, Michigan in 1927. He studied art at the now renowned Black Mountain College from 1945 to 1948. His fellow students and teachers at the time were among the most influential artists of the twentieth century. At the time that Johnson was a student the faculty included Josef Albers, John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Albert Einstein, and Buckminster Fuller. Student contemporaries included Kenneth Noland, Charles Olson, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly, and Susan Weil. Many other artists, poets, musicians, scientists, and philosophers were alumni of Black Mountain College during its tenure between 1933 and 1956. Ray Johnson can be considered as an originator of installation art. In the 1950s he created what he called “moticos” which were installations of photographs mounted on walls and floors that he then rephotographed. He is also considered by many to be the originator of “mail art” (art sent through the postal system from artists to each other), having exchanged work with his friend Arthur Secunda as early as 1943. In 1962 he founded the New York Correspondence School of Art. In 1971 he founded the Marcel Duchamp Club. Ray was also the originator of Pop Art, drawing portraits of American pop icons that incorporated humour and satire. Andy Warhol and the other great American pop artists were all influenced by Ray. So, how is it that a man of such tremendous influence remains so obscure to all except those directly influenced by him? It may be that Ray Johnson was never motivated by fame or fortune. There is some evidence that he was actually opposed to fame and fortune. As his good friend, Toby Spiselman (Bloch, 1995) stated; "Ray didn't talk about it, he just did it. That's why you don't find art magazines lying around quoting the art philosophy of Ray Johnson". Ray’s close friend, Mark Bloch (Bloch, 1995) quotes Johnson himself saying about his work; "They just wanted them as objects. 'Aren't these nice! Put them in a museum with nice lighting.' Not the ideas... I wanted to paste things on railroad cars. Nothing to be seen by anyone except coyotes. But when the Pop Art gravy train appeared instead, I consciously burned everything in Cy Twombly's fireplace. Those were early nothings... Destroying them was the logical thing to do as a statement". The “nothings” that Ray is referring to were later known as “happenings”, yet another Ray Johnson innovation. There you have it, an abbreviated vignette of Ray Johnson, the most famous unknown artist in the world. A man whose contributions to art and adult education are largely unheralded. The godfather of performance art (nothings), the father of mail art (New York Correspondence School of Art), the originator of Pop Art, the seed for conceptual art (Oh Dat Consept Art, (Klára Kiss Pál, 1997)), creator of the first instances of installation art, the progenitor of the “fluxus” art movement, and a leading light for the idea of art for its own sake. Perhaps the day will come when educators and historians will “discover” Ray Johnson. It matters to those of us who know of him, though I am not at all certain that it would be all that important to Ray. References Stuadek, Tomas (2003?). Ray Johnson Klára Kiss-Pál, (1997) Ray Johnson Biography Ray Johnson
Links How
to Draw a Bunny Ray Johnson
1927-1995
It will also be discovered that the legendary Johnson did the first happenings (he called them "nothings") when he carefully arranged those collages on the street. Or sat under a sun lamp until somebody told he might get burned Or nailed a folded Larry Poons painting to a board. Or dropped mustard-covered dimes into a pay phone. Need I go on? Even cyberspace is considered by some to be a Ray Johnson "nothing." In the early sixties, long before there was an Internet, Johnson's greatest performance work- the New York Correspondence School, an international network of poets and artists who used the low-tech medium of the postal system- freely exchanged artwork, objects and anything else deemed worthy by it's participants, many of whom became the cultural movers and shakers of the next several decades. The epicenter of this decentralized whirlwind? Ray Johnson- "the most famous unknown artist in the world." Because Ray Johnson was the original "bridge" between so many of the people and sensibilities that dot the landscape of the international art scene and it's fringes, it is ironic that he took his own life at age 67 on January13th, 1995 by jumping from a bridge into the chilly waters of Sag Harbor. But deadpan irony was central to Johnson's work and his lightning-quick wit left no detail unexplored. Tomorrow's historians will also be faced with solving the riddle of his final work- a death every bit as fascinating as his life. Raymond Edward Johnson was born in 1927 in Detroit, Michigan. His first experiences using the mail as an art medium stretch back to 1943 with his friend Arthur Secunda. From 1946-48 he studied alongside Robert Rauschenberg and Cy Twombly at the experimental Black Mountain College in North Carolina with faculty members Joseph Albers, Robert Motherwell, John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Buckminister Fuller, and Willem and Elaine DeKooning, among others. He moved to Manhattan and showed annually with the American Abstract Artists which included Ad Reinhart among its members. By 1955, the trailblazing Johnson was painting over and cutting up images of Elvis Presley. A year later a portraity of Ike would appear in the Robert Rauscenberg collage and Roy Lichtenstein would include fuzzy pictures of Mickey Mouse by. But it would be seven long years later Johnson-crony Andy Warhol would immortalize Elvis for the first time. By then Johnson had moved on. The trailblazing Johnson was a fixture on the Manhattan scene, heralded as an innovator by the heroes-to-be of Pop and Fluxus. A pre-Factory Warhol crony, he joined Billy Name and a handful of others to provide the creative atmosphere that Andy bounced off of. Meanwhile, Johnson called his own collages "moticos" and stored them in cardboard boxes to be shown in Grand Central Station or on the street. When he compiled them for the occasion of a 1955 photograph by Elisabeth Novick, Suzi Gablick wrote in the book Pop Art Redefined, "The random arrangement... on a dilapidated cellar door in Lower Manhattan may even have been the first informal happening" "Ray didn't talk about it, he just did it." says long-time friend Toby Spiselman, "That's why you don't find art magazines lying around quoting the art philosophy of Ray Johnson". Indeed, Ray's iconoclastic blend of Taoist humility and spontaneous improvization ran contrary to the demands of the marketplace. 'There was no perusal of the meaning of these pieces," Ray told me in 1991,"They just wanted them as objects. 'Aren't these nice! Put them in a museum with nice lighting.' Not the ideas... I wanted to paste things on railroad cars. Nothing to be seen by anyone except coyotes." But when the Pop Art gravytrain appeared instead, "I consciously burned everything in Cy Twombly's fireplace. Those were early nothings... Destroying them was the logical thing to do as a statement." Johnson chose instead to give his art away via his Correspondence School, using a rich pallette of bunny head portraits and verbal-visual puns and rhymes carefully designed to confound and amuse the recipient. His love of collaboration and a habit of recycling old works into multi-layered new ones resulted in a flurry of "mail art" circling the globe with instructions to "add to and return to Ray Johnson." In the early seventies the Whitney Museum asked Ray to invite members of his Correspondance School for what was possibly the first mail art show, and certainly the first one in a major institution. Ray once told me "For accuracy's sake Marcia Tucker should be credited with the policy of the New York Correspondence School. She took over as an institution. I was merely the person inviting 116 people to be in that show. It said 'Please send to the Whitney Museum (etc.)...' There was no explanation that they'd be exhibited, that they'd be catalogued. They just sent it." Ray was referring to a now standard mail art practice that all work received is exhibited and that all participants are sent documentation of the show in return. Some thirty years and 50 countries later, mail art continues to expand from Johnson's original impetus and in addition to shows and one-to-one correspondence, it has spawned everything from "correspondence dinners" and mail art "congresses" to the omnipresent "zine" network to the do-it-yourself audio cassette exchanges that helped spread punk rock. In fact, if mail art can be considered a movement, none other has lasted longer or reached further. For decades, in the legendary privacy of his own home in Locust Valley, Ray worked from morning until night, often with the television on in the background, always making up new incarnations of his CorresponDANCE School, (the latest one I had heard of being the "Taoist Pop Art School"). People who were close to Ray Johnson in the last years of his life know that he used inexpensive throw-away snapshot cameras as a tool to make pictures of "set ups" in natural settings of his silhouettes, portraits and other 2 and 3 dimensional objects. In addition to his mail activity, Johnson continued to do events and make collages until the very end. His death itself may have been his final "event". He told several people in the last days of his life that he was working on his "greatest work". This man who had playfully announced his own death many times, died for real January 13, 1995. He presumably drowned after a jump from the bridge in Sag Harbor, New York about a two hour drive from his home in Locust Valley. He was last seen by two teenage girls, backstroking away into Sag Harbor Cove two hours after checking into the Barron's Cove Inn in Sag Harbor, near the end of Long Island, NY.. The weather was unusually mild for that time of year. Ray was fond of the water. He often took walks along the shore at Oyster Bay near his home. Though he turned 67 years old on the 16th of October, he was going strong, remarkably fit for a man of that age. He told me on the phone late last year, "I'm going to do my exercises," that he was "working on a washboard stomach" by doing "rowing exercises on the beach with rocks." And that he would "walk with rocks" as weights and that he was "feeling very fit." He was pulled from the water at 12:35pm Saturday afternoon, January 14. He was fully clothed - in a typical outfit for him - levi's, a wool sweater, work boots and a wind breaker. He probably would be amused by the "Paul Is Dead" atmosphere that has littered the press since his curious "rayocide." So-called art mavens quibble about auction prices while correspondents compare notes, sifting through old letters for evidence to explain away the enigmatic endgame of a complex man who was always one step ahead of the pack. The clues will continue to appear because he loved mystery, but always left a trail. In the end, all roads will lead back to the deadpan stare of Ray Johnson. The above essay
was created by The
Panman
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